Short Answer 
A claim is an assertion about a topic that needs supporting evidence to be credible. Valid claims are those backed by relevant evidence, such as studies indicating the health benefits of coffee and the advantages of e-books for students with back pain.
Step 1: Understand the Concept of Claims
A claim is a statement or assertion made by an individual about a particular topic or issue. It represents a viewpoint that someone believes to be true. However, simply stating a claim is not enough; it requires strong backing to be considered credible. This backing typically comes in the form of evidence that supports the claim’s validity.
Step 2: Recognize the Role of Supporting Evidence
To reinforce a claim effectively, it’s crucial to provide relevant evidence that substantiates the statement being made. This evidence could include statistical data, research findings, or logical reasoning that aligns with the claim. For instance, claims supported by evidence could include:
- Drinking coffee is beneficial to health, as studies indicate that coffee drinkers may have a longer lifespan.
- Utilizing e-books is advantageous for students, particularly those dealing with back pain from heavy backpacks.
Step 3: Identify Valid Claims with Evidence
After examining the claims and their supporting evidence, it’s possible to determine which statements are valid. The correct answers based on the evidence provided are options A (about coffee) and D (regarding e-books). Each of these claims demonstrates a connection to significant evidence which validates their assertions, thus making them credible statements.