Short Answer 
Eleanor Roosevelt, who married her fifth cousin Franklin D. Roosevelt, maintained her maiden name, which was unusual for her time. As First Lady from 1933 to 1945, she actively advocated for civil rights, women’s rights, and social welfare, while also transforming the role by introducing press conferences and employing a press secretary, setting a precedent for future First Ladies.
Eleanor’s Unique Background
Eleanor Roosevelt, born Eleanor Anna Roosevelt, had the unique distinction of carrying the same surname as her husband’s due to their familial connection. She married her fifth cousin, Franklin D. Roosevelt, in 1905, which made the union even more notable within the prominent Roosevelt family. This relationship allowed her to retain her maiden name post-marriage, setting a precedent during her time.
First Lady’s Tenure and Activism
Serving as the First Lady of the United States from 1933 to 1945, Eleanor Roosevelt was not just a supportive spouse but a proactive figure in advocating for various causes. Her focus included:
- Civil rights initiatives
- Campaigns for women’s rights
- Social welfare issues to support the underprivileged
These efforts marked her as a significant advocate in American history, influencing social policy and public perception.
Innovations During Her Role
Eleanor was also a pioneer in redefining the role of the First Lady. She was the first to employ a press secretary and held regular press conferences, which allowed her to connect with the public directly. This innovative approach not only elevated her presence in political discourse but also established a template for future First Ladies to play a more engaged and visible role in society.