Short Answer 
The Igbo people are primarily located in southeastern Nigeria with a focus on agriculture, while the Niger Delta region is known for its petroleum industry and diverse ethnic groups. Historically, the Igbo had egalitarian republics without centralized authority, contrasting with the Niger Delta’s urbanized city-states and complex administrative systems, which also exhibit rich cultural traditions.
Step 1: Understand the Geographical Location
The Igbo people primarily reside in southeastern Nigeria, characterized by a geographical backdrop that fosters agricultural practices. In contrast, the Niger Delta region is strategically situated where the Niger River meets the Atlantic Ocean, encompassing various ethnic groups, including the Yoruba. This difference in location plays a significant role in shaping their respective cultural and economic activities.
Step 2: Identify Economic Activities
The economic foundations of the two groups reveal stark contrasts. The Igbo have a strong tradition in agriculture, focusing on staple crops like yams and cassava to sustain their communities. Conversely, the Niger Delta is primarily driven by the petroleum industry, due to its rich oil reserves, which significantly contributes to Nigeria’s economy. This reliance on different economic activities further influences their social structures and livelihoods.
Step 3: Acknowledge Historical and Cultural Differences
Historically, the Igbo were organized in small, republican communities without centralized authority, promoting an egalitarian society. The Niger Delta region, however, was known for its highly urbanized city-states, such as Ife and Ibadan, with complex administrative systems. Culturally, the Igbo are celebrated for their diverse artistic expressions, while the Niger Delta is noted for its rich traditional music, religious practices, and elaborate festivals, showcasing a vibrant cultural heritage.