Short Answer 
Warren argues that the harm from racial segregation goes beyond tangible resources, significantly affecting the emotional well-being of minority students. This emotional damage can lead to feelings of inferiority, isolation, and ultimately, detrimental consequences such as increased dropout rates and diminished future opportunities.
Step 1: Understand the Core Claim
The fundamental argument presented by Warren is that while tangible factors like facilities and curricula may seem significant, they are inadequate for properly assessing the effects of racial segregation. It is essential to recognize that the *real harm* caused by segregation extends beyond physical resources, directly impacting the emotional well-being of minority students.
Step 2: Recognize Emotional Damage
Warren emphasizes that the emotional damage experienced by minority students is a key component of the segregation issue. Despite any improvements in educational infrastructure, these students may suffer from feelings of alienation and discrimination. This emotional impact includes:
- Increased feelings of inferiority
- Isolation from peers
- A sense of not belonging within the educational system
Step 3: Consequences of Emotional Effects
The emotional toll on black students can lead to serious consequences in their educational journey. When students feel marginalized due to racial discrimination, their motivation and sense of community can decline, resulting in:
- A higher likelihood of dropping out of school
- Reduced participation in educational or extracurricular activities
- Long-term impacts on their future educational and career opportunities