Short Answer 
The WAVES program allowed over 100,000 women to serve in the U.S. Navy during World War II, granting them roles beyond nursing and filling vital support positions. Many were highly educated and contributed significantly to military operations through various roles, including clerical work, engineering, and intelligence.
1. Establishment of WAVES
The WAVES (Women Accepted for Volunteer Emergency Service) program was authorized by Congress on July 30, 1942, to allow women to join the U.S. Navy during World War II. This marked a significant change in military policy, as women were previously restricted to nursing roles. The program was created out of necessity due to the war, which opened new avenues for women’s participation in the armed forces.
2. Role and Contributions of Women in WAVES
Over 100,000 women served in the WAVES, taking on various pivotal support positions that were essential for military operations. Their roles included:
- Clerical Work: Handling administrative tasks that allowed male personnel to focus on combat.
- Aviation Instructors: Training male pilots and ensuring their flight readiness.
- Engineers and Scientists: Contributing to military technology and strategy through advanced education and expertise.
- Intelligence Agents: Analyzing and gathering important information for military operations.
3. Educational Background and Skills
Many women who joined WAVES were highly educated, bringing valuable skills to the armed forces. Their contributions included complex operations, such as:
- Determining Bomb Trajectories: Using mathematics and engineering knowledge to improve military effectiveness.
- Technical Roles: Applying scientific expertise in various technical fields crucial for wartime success.
- Leadership: Many women took on significant leadership roles, paving the way for future generations in military service.