Short Answer 
Protein synthesis is the process by which cells create proteins, with translation converting mRNA into amino acids. Inhibitors like mAb414 can block nuclear pores, reducing protein synthesis in eukaryotic cells such as rat liver cells while leaving bacterial cells unaffected due to their lack of a nucleus.
Step 1: Understanding Protein Synthesis
Protein synthesis is a crucial biological process where cells create proteins necessary for various functions. In this process, translation occurs, which is the decoding of messenger RNA (mRNA) into a polypeptide chain of amino acids. Factors influencing this process include the presence of inhibitors that can obstruct normal cellular activities.
Step 2: Effects of Inhibitors on Protein Synthesis
The presence of inhibitors, like mAb414, can significantly affect protein synthesis. In the case of rat liver cells, the graph depicting protein synthesis without the inhibitor will show:
- Higher levels of protein synthesis due to unobstructed nuclear pores.
- Normal flow of mRNA and ribosomes into and out of the nucleus, ensuring efficient translation.
Conversely, the graph with the inhibitor will show:
- Reduced protein synthesis since nuclear pores are blocked.
- Impeded flow of necessary substances for translation.
Step 3: Impact on Different Cell Types
The effect of inhibitors varies across different cell types. In the case of bacterial cells, since they lack a nucleus and nuclear pores, the addition of the inhibitor does not impact their protein synthesis. This highlights the differences in cellular structures between eukaryotic (like rat liver cells) and prokaryotic cells:
- Rat liver cells show affected translation due to nuclear barriers with inhibitors.
- Bacterial cells maintain unaffected translation as they do not possess nuclear structures.