Short Answer 
The U.S. electoral process is primarily governed by state laws, which dictate voter registration, polling places, and vote counting. While states handle most election functions, the federal government oversees campaign finance laws to maintain fairness and transparency, reflecting a distinct division of responsibilities in the electoral system.
Step 1: Understand State Responsibilities
In the U.S., the majority of the electoral process is dictated by state law. This includes essential functions that are critical to elections, such as:
- Voter Registration: Each state sets its own rules regarding how voters can register and what identification is required.
- Local Polling Places: States decide the locations where voters can cast their ballots, impacting accessibility and participation.
- Vote Counting: The actual counting of votes is conducted by counties and states, ensuring compliance with local laws and regulations.
Step 2: Recognize Federal Oversight
While states manage most aspects of elections, the federal government has important duties as well. Its key role is to ensure fair practices across the nation, particularly through:
- Campaign Finance Laws: Congress is responsible for establishing regulations that govern the flow of money in political campaigns, which helps to maintain transparency and prevent corruption.
Step 3: Acknowledge the Division of Responsibilities
The U.S. electoral system reflects a clear division of responsibilities between federal and state governments. Understanding this separation is crucial for:
- Recognizing how elections are conducted differently across states.
- Understanding the federal role in maintaining fairness in campaign financing.
- Grasping how local jurisdictions carry out specific electoral functions while adhering to state and federal laws.