Short Answer 
Shivaji Maharaj was proficient in Marathi and Sanskrit, establishing Marathi as the official language of his court to promote local culture over Persian. He also advocated for Sanskrit among the educated elite, enhancing cultural and educational standards in his empire.
Step 1: Understanding Shivaji Maharaj’s Language Proficiency
Shivaji Maharaj, the esteemed founder of the Maratha Empire, was adept in two significant languages: Marathi and Sanskrit. His prowess in these languages highlights his commitment to cultural identity and governance.
Step 2: Establishing Marathi as the Official Language
In a pivotal move, Shivaji Maharaj declared Marathi as the official language of his court. This decision marked a shift from the previously dominant Persian language of the Mughal Empire, promoting local culture and making governance more accessible to his subjects.
Step 3: Promoting Sanskrit Among the Elite
Besides Marathi’s elevation, Shivaji Maharaj also encouraged the use of Sanskrit, which was revered as a sacred language in Hinduism. This initiative aimed to enrich the cultural and educational lives of the educated elite in his realm, similar to how Latin functioned in medieval Europe.