Short Answer 
To extinguish a fire, the three primary methods are cooling (using water to lower heat), starving (removing the fuel source), and smothering (reducing oxygen supply). Additionally, breaking the chain reaction involves using specialized fire extinguishers that interrupt combustion. Effective application of these methods is essential for successfully putting out a fire.
Step 1: Cooling the Fire
The first method to extinguish a fire is through cooling, which aims to reduce the fire’s heat. This is typically done by applying water, as it efficiently absorbs heat and lowers the overall temperature. The effectiveness of cooling relies on sufficient water supply and application techniques, ensuring heat is effectively drawn away from the flames.
Step 2: Starving the Fire
The second method involves starving the fire by removing its fuel source. This is crucial because a fire needs fuel to sustain itself. By eliminating combustible materials such as wood, paper, or flammable liquids, the fire will eventually extinguish as it runs out of resources to consume.
Step 3: Smothering and Breaking the Chain Reaction
The final methods include smothering the flames and breaking the chain reaction. Smothering reduces the fire’s oxygen supply, achieved using foam, sand, or fire blankets to create barriers. Breaking the chain reaction involves using specialized fire extinguishers that release chemicals disrupting the fire’s ability to continue burning, effectively cooling it down and halting combustion.