Short Answer 
Optimal arousal theory posits that performance is maximized at moderate arousal levels, with both extreme highs and lows being detrimental. Music can manipulate arousal levels; calm music lowers arousal for complex tasks, while fast, loud music boosts arousal for simpler activities, highlighting the need to choose music wisely to enhance performance based on task demands.
Step 1: Understand Optimal Arousal Theory
The optimal arousal theory suggests that there’s a specific level of arousal that maximizes performance for different individuals. Performance is typically best at moderate arousal levels. Both extremely high and low arousal can hinder task execution.
Step 2: Impact of Music on Arousal Levels
Music significantly affects emotional states and arousal. It can either raise or lower arousal levels based on its characteristics:
- Calm music (slow tempo and low volume) reduces arousal, making it conducive for complex tasks.
- Fast, loud music increases arousal, which is more suitable for routine or less demanding activities.
Step 3: Neuroscientific Evidence and Practical Applications
Research indicates a strong link between music and brain activity, showcasing how music can influence emotions and cognitive performance. Findings from studies have pointed out:
- Calm music can foster feelings of peace and tranquility.
- Fast and energizing music can boost motivation.