Short Answer 
Mammary glands, present in both males and females, are primarily responsible for lactation in females, particularly after childbirth. Their milk production is regulated by hormones like prolactin, oxytocin, estrogen, and progesterone, ensuring proper development and ejection of milk during breastfeeding.
Step 1: Understanding Mammary Glands
A mammary gland is a specialized gland found in the breasts of both males and females, primarily responsible for lactation. In females, these glands develop more significantly during puberty, preparing the body for potential breastfeeding. The presence of these glands in males is usually less developed.
Step 2: Milk Production Process
The mammary glands’ primary function is to produce milk, particularly after childbirth. This process is crucial for feeding infants and is tightly controlled by various hormones, especially prolactin and oxytocin. The interplay of these hormones ensures the proper production and ejection of milk.
Step 3: Hormonal Regulation
The activity of mammary glands is primarily regulated through hormonal signals, which trigger changes in milk production levels. Key hormones involved include:
- Prolactin: Stimulates milk production.
- Oxytocin: Responsible for milk ejection during breastfeeding.
- Estrogen and Progesterone: Influence the development of glandular tissues during puberty and pregnancy.