Short Answer 
Economists analyze unemployment and production trends by collecting data to understand employment patterns and manufacturing output. This analysis aids in predicting economic growth, recessions, and necessary interventions, enabling businesses and governments to plan effectively for the future.
Step 1: Understanding Unemployment Trends
Economists monitor and analyze unemployment rates to identify patterns over time. They collect data from various sources, including government reports and surveys, to understand how many people are unemployed versus employed. By tracking these statistics, they aim to predict future employment trends and inform policy decisions.
Step 2: Analyzing Production Trends
Another critical area for economists is the analysis of production trends. They evaluate data on manufacturing output and goods shipped, allowing them to understand how economies are performing. This information helps economists predict potential economic growth or contractions based on changing production capacities.
Step 3: Predicting Economic Impacts
Using the data gathered on unemployment and production trends, economists make predictions about the economy as a whole. Their analyses allow them to identify potential recessions, periods of growth, and areas that may require intervention. Understanding these trends helps businesses and governments plan economically and socially for the future.