Short Answer 
The state of emergency in Kenya in 1952 was triggered by Mau Mau attacks against pro-British supporters and the prior failure to ban the movement. The Mau Mau sought to resist British colonization due to land loss and a desire for self-governance, leading to increased violence and a stronger British military response.
Identify the Causes
The declaration of a state of emergency in Kenya in 1952 was prompted by specific events and conditions. Key reasons included:
- The Mau Mau attacks targeting individuals and communities that were supportive of British rule.
- A previous attempt in 1950 to ban the Mau Mau movement failed, which allowed the rebellion to grow stronger.
Understand the Mau Mau Movement
The Mau Mau were a group resisting British colonization, driven by discontent over land loss and the oppressive colonial regime. Their grievances included:
- Loss of land to British settlers, which caused significant economic hardship.
- Desire for self-governance and an end to colonial rule.
Recognize the Impact of Violence
The violence initiated by the Mau Mau in 1952 escalated tensions and forced the British government to respond decisively. The situation led to:
- Increased military presence to combat the Mau Mau uprisings.
- A crackdown on communities perceived to support the rebels, which intensified the conflict.