Short Answer 
The answer explains the differences between gymnosperms, angiosperms, pteridophytes, and bryophytes. Gymnosperms have “naked seeds” in cones, angiosperms have seeds encased in fruit, pteridophytes reproduce with spores and possess vascular systems, while bryophytes absorb nutrients through diffusion in moist environments.
Step 1: Understand Gymnosperms
Gymnosperms are a group of plants known as “naked seeds” because their seeds are not enclosed in an ovary. Instead, the seeds are contained within a structure called a cone. This adaptation allows gymnosperms to reproduce effectively in various environmental conditions.
- Seeds are located in cones.
- Known for their resilience in different climates.
- Includes species like pine and spruce trees.
Step 2: Learn About Angiosperms
Angiosperms are flowering plants characterized by their seeds being encased in an ovary which eventually develops into fruit. This unique feature aids in the protection and dispersal of the seeds, making them the most diverse group of plants. Angiosperms are essential for many ecosystems and food sources.
- Seeds are protected within fruits.
- Include a vast array of flowering plants.
- Crucial for food production and ecosystems.
Step 3: Explore Pteridophytes and Bryophytes
Pteridophytes, such as ferns, reproduce using spores that are typically located underneath their leaves. They possess vascular systems, which help transport water and nutrients. On the other hand, bryophytes, including mosses, absorb nutrients through diffusion and osmosis, relying on moisture-rich environments for survival.
- Pteridophytes use spores for reproduction.
- Bryophytes absorb nutrients directly from their surroundings.
- Pteridophytes have complex vascular systems.