Short Answer 
The separation of Church and state is a principle ensuring that government laws are free from religious influence, protecting individual religious rights. Coined by Thomas Jefferson in 1802, this concept is reflected in the First Amendment of the U.S. Constitution, which prohibits Congress from establishing an official religion or limiting individual practices, thus promoting religious freedom.
Understanding Separation of Church and State
The concept of separation of Church and state ensures that the government is prohibited from creating laws based on religious perspectives. This separation is rooted in the belief that the Church should not influence governmental policies and vice versa. By maintaining this separation, the rights and beliefs of individuals regarding their religion are respected and protected.
Historical Background
The term was coined by Thomas Jefferson in 1802 during his correspondence with the Danbury Baptist Association in Connecticut. Jefferson emphasized that religious matters should be a personal affair between individuals and their God, free from the influence of government. Although many interpret this as inscribed in the Constitution, it was primarily articulated by Jefferson, underscoring the importance of religious liberty in American society.
Constitutional Provisions
The First Amendment of the United States Constitution clearly establishes that Congress cannot establish an official religion or prevent individuals from practicing their beliefs. Additionally, Article 6 prohibits any religious test for public office, affirming that employment opportunities should be based solely on qualifications, not religious affiliation. This framework fosters an environment of religious freedom and protects citizens’ rights to worship without governmental interference.