Short Answer 
In *Maus*, Art Spiegelman uses an allegorical representation where Jews are depicted as vulnerable mice and Nazis as predatory cats, illustrating the dynamic of oppression. This metaphor emphasizes the innocence of the Jewish people and conveys the emotional weight of their tragic experiences during the Holocaust, highlighting themes of victimization and survival.
Step 1: Understanding the Allegory
In *Maus*, Art Spiegelman uses the metaphor of mice for Jews and cats for Nazis to convey a deeper meaning. This allegorical representation highlights the innocence of the Jewish people, likening them to small, vulnerable creatures. In contrast, by representing Nazis as cats, Spiegelman illustrates their predatory and ruthless nature, showcasing the dynamic between oppressor and victim.
Step 2: Analyzing the Characteristics
The two groups possess distinct characteristics that are emphasized through this metaphor. These include:
- Mice (Jews): Innocent, vulnerable, and often defenseless against their attackers.
- Cats (Nazis): Cunning, strategic, and predatory, embodying the destructive force of oppression.
By understanding these qualities, one can see the emotional weight that Spiegelman’s choices carry in the narrative.
Step 3: Recognizing the Impact of the Comparison
Through this powerful comparison, Spiegelman effectively communicates the tragic experiences of Jews during the Holocaust. The use of such an allegory creates a poignant emotional connection with readers. It emphasizes themes of victimization and survival, shedding light on the harsh realities faced by those during this dark period in history.