Short Answer 
The Electoral College allocates votes based on each state’s congressional representation and includes two votes for senators. The District of Columbia receives electoral votes without full statehood, while U.S. territories have no representation in the Electoral College and do not participate in presidential elections.
Step 1: Understand Voter Allocation in States
In the United States, each state has a specific number of voters in the Electoral College based on its representatives. This includes:
- Two voters for each state’s senators.
- A number of voters equal to its representatives in Congress, determined by the state’s population.
Step 2: Recognize the Role of the District of Columbia
The District of Columbia is treated similarly to a state when it comes to voting. According to the Twenty-Third Amendment, it receives electoral votes but has a maximum equal to the number of votes in the least populated state. This ensures representation without granting full statehood.
Step 3: Identify the Excluded Territories
It’s important to note that while U.S. territories play a role in the national landscape, they do not have representation in the Electoral College. This means:
- Territories do not participate in the presidential election process.
- Only the states and Washington D.C. contribute to the total electoral vote count.