Short Answer 
The assessment process consists of three key steps: checking the airway to ensure it’s clear, assessing breathing for adequate ventilation, and evaluating circulation to identify any potential issues such as shock. Each step involves observing specific signs and taking necessary actions for patient safety.
Step 1: Check the Airway
The first step in the primary assessment is to ensure the patient’s airway is clear. This is crucial as any obstruction can lead to severe complications. Assess for any signs of blockage or difficulty in breathing to confirm that air can flow freely into the lungs. If necessary, take immediate actions to clear the airway.
Step 2: Assess Breathing
Once the airway is secured, the next step is to assess the breathing of the patient. Confirming adequate ventilation is essential for effective oxygen delivery. Observe for the following signs:
- Respiratory rate
- Quality of breaths (shallow, labored, etc.)
- Any unusual sounds such as wheezing or stridor
Step 3: Check Circulation
The final step is to check the patient’s circulation. This involves evaluating heart rate, blood pressure, and signs of perfusion (e.g., skin color and temperature). Look for indicators such as:
- Pulse quality
- Capillary refill time
- Overall responsiveness